External engineering networks are a set of communications that connect public systems (city highways) with an industrial facility.

Thus, external networks are located outside the building or structure, but are located in the surrounding area. The main function of such communications is to connect the production site with the outside world.

The main external engineering networks include water supply and sewage mains, gas pipelines, and heating mains.

By designing such networks, it is necessary to take into account all the technological features of the production processes carried out at the enterprise. The power indicators of the electrical networks, the implementation of energy saving programs, and the calculation of the correct indicators of maximum permissible loads on external networks depend on them.

If the project was drawn up qualitatively, then there will be no problems with the operation of the industrial facility, and the number of emergency situations will be minimized. In addition, maintenance of all systems will become significantly easier: experienced designers place the equipment in such a way that access to it is unhindered, and prepare in advance the access points to underground highways.

In the process of preparing a plan for the placement of external networks, a number of parameters must be taken into account, including:

• working and maximum permissible load on the main
• features of the relief and climate of the area where the production facility is located
• specificity of the configuration of the adjacent territory and remoteness of central networks

• Power supply. This system includes sources, converters, transmitters and distributors of electricity at the enterprise. Proper organization of the network is the key to the optimal level of lighting in the premises, the normal operation of the mains even under loads caused by the operation of high-power industrial equipment.
• Water supply. Its key elements are the main line itself, consisting of metal or plastic pipes, as well as structures for taking water from the central line, brought to the territory of the facility. Networks can have different purposes - household and drinking, fire-fighting, production. The first are used to supply the enterprise with water, which is needed for the functioning of bathrooms, as well as for cooking (for example, in the factory canteen). The second are organized to ensure safety and optimal operation of the fire extinguishing system in the event of a fire. The third are necessary for cooling industrial equipment and other production needs, depending on the specifics of the direction of activity of the industrial company.

• Heat supply. Necessary to maintain optimal temperature in production workshops, utility rooms and other premises in the cold season. This system can be centralized or local. In the first case, the connection is made directly to the main city network, in the second, a boiler room (heating point) is organized directly at the facility.
• Ventilation and air conditioning. These are mandatory systems that guarantee comfortable conditions for personnel, as well as timely and effective air purification, which is especially important for industries where a large amount of dust or other types of pollution are generated in the workshops.
• Gas supply. May be needed to ensure the operation of boilers and other equipment, as well as household needs.
• Sewerage. Internal sewage is designed in accordance with the requirements of current regulations. If any industrial waste is discharged through it, it is necessary to provide for the installation of special facilities for cleaning and filtration.