Designing and searching for highways and airfields has its own peculiarities. They are mainly related to the large length of the objects. And as a result, the presence of structures crossing the future highway — bridges, tunnels, aqueducts, etc.

First, a survey is conducted to measure angles, distances and directions to other objects. Next, a breakdown is made according to the finished project, and theoretical schemes of the future road are laid out in nature with markings near. Planned objects along the highway or railway are also being demolished.

At the same time, the principle "from general to private" and the following order is followed:

1. Study of available materials, creation of detailed drawings, determination of work deadlines.
2. Fastening on the territory of temporary rappers, further recovery with the help of bindings.
3. Detailed breakdown of the site, road surface, communications, infrastructure, bridges, etc. Characteristic points of the road are shown, turning curves are indicated.
4. Checking the accuracy of works is carried out by executive surveying and geodetic control.

First, it is necessary to decide on the optimal site for future construction. For this, geodetic measurements of the area are carried out, which also include lines that adjoin and intersect with other objects. After reconnaissance and tracing, the breakdown of axes is performed, as well as curves for secondary roads. The breakdown of the road is carried out when the approved project needs to be tied to the real terrain. Thus, the work is preceded by the development, approval and examination of design and estimate documentation.

Carrying out work requires high accuracy of execution and full compliance with design data. The construction quality and operational characteristics of the new road depend on this. Therefore, it is better to entrust geodetic grading work during road construction to professionals. Only experienced geodetic engineers who perform work in accordance with current state regulations are able to ensure the required accuracy.

The design of a linear object includes a large amount of calculations, drawings and studies. Including geodetic works during the construction of roads, which are aimed at studying the relief and features of the landscape of the area.

At the same time, the presence of natural and artificial objects — buildings, structures, reservoirs, pipelines, etc. — is taken into account.

The works are carried out by topographic surveying of the entire section of the future route. They help to choose the optimal path of the road, rationally use materials and make other reasonable design decisions. In addition, they allow predicting the impact of climate and natural phenomena on the functioning of the future facility. And, if necessary, provide for measures that will help minimize this impact.

Preparation for construction begins directly on the site.

It consists in determining and transferring benchmark points to nature, as well as developing a geobase — an engineering topographical plan of the territory with initial geodetic information about the site with reference to geographic coordinates.

The geobase displays the following data:

• plot area;
• shape, dimensions and coordinates;
• availability of communications;
• other features of the territory.

Research, design of the road are only the preliminary stages of construction. Next, the laying of the highway begins according to the developed project.

During the works, the geometry of the highway is controlled.

In addition, executive surveying is carried out in certain areas to control:

• dimensions and thickness of the asphalt covering of the roadway;
• slopes and the ability to drain rainwater;
• markings of the border and rain receivers;
• underground engineering communications under the road surface;
• ground structures - bridges, overpasses, pipelines and others;
• rounding radii with room for turning oversized vehicles.

The main difficulties and mistakes
with independent design:

1. Lack of an agreed project of the Sanitary Protection Zone (SZZ)
2. Lack of metering devices and objective (calculated) data on the required productivity.
3. Lack of title deeds to the land.
4. Inaccuracies in the preparation of the Terms of Reference: all the necessary studies were not taken into account, the documents listed above were not taken into account.
5. The justification of the price was performed incorrectly, on the basis of commercial proposals of non-specialized organizations, without taking into account the fulfillment of the requirements of technical conditions, the need for inspection of buildings and structures, etc.
6. Surveys, research, and design are performed by different companies, which causes delays and additional work.

 Decisions from
Company "Gutman Construction":

• We will analyze the existing situation, prepare the Terms of Reference for the SZZ project. If necessary, we will execute the project of SZZ and agree on it.
• We will collect all the necessary data, make calculations and submit it to the customer for consideration. If necessary, we will temporarily install metering devices.
• We will help in the preparation of documentation, if necessary, we will include it in the TOR for design.
• We will analyze the existing situation and prepare the correct technical task.
• We will prepare an estimate for design and exploration works and surveys, based on basic price guides.
• We have considerable experience and qualifications for the organization of a full range of design and search works. Company "Gutman Construction" has SRO permits for both design and exploration work. We are guaranteed to provide a positive conclusion of the examination and support during SMR.